Review on fluid-solid coupling and dynamic response of vortex-induced vibration of slender ocean cylinders
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摘要:对近几十年来国内外在涡激振动的基础研究包括机理认识和动响应分析等方面的进展进行了论述，尤其针对海洋油气平台中的立管、隔水管等细长柔性结构的涡激振动.描述了涡激振动这种典型的非线性流固耦合现象所具有的特征，包括自激、自限制、展向相关、尾迹水动力与结构动力的流固耦合等及其主要影响参数.介绍了目前常用的结构响应预测方法和相关实验.通过讨论当前理论研究和实际工程中的热点问题，诸如多模态宽带振动、浮体运动与水下立管的耦合、响应抑制措施、双向振动、高雷诺数下的大尺度物理实验等，对今后该领域的研究方向进行了力所能及的展望.Abstract:The recent development on the mechanism and response analysis of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of flexible cylinders, particularly the slendr risers in deep water, are presented. The main characters of VIV, such as self-excited, self-limited and span coherence and fluid-solid coupling, along with principle influence factors are presented, and different prediction approaches (incluing empirical and numerical methods) and experiments are reviewed. Then we are trying to give our perspectives on some challenging issues, e.g., multi-mode and wide-band VIV, dynamic interaction between top-end motion and submarine riser, VIV suppression, CF and IL motion and large scale experiment at high Reynolds number, of slender riser's VIV so that the future researches on VIV would be focued on those areas.
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图 3涡激振动基本现象的实验观察. (a) 风洞中的弹性支持刚性圆柱的锁频共振 (Feng, 1968), (b) 水中弹性支持刚性圆柱的锁频共振 (Williamson & Govardhan, 2004) (c) 静止圆柱的斯特鲁哈数与雷诺数的关系 (Blevins, 1987)
图 4形态各异的圆柱尾迹涡脱落模式.(a)Brika和Laneville(1993)首次实验展示了不同响应分支对应2S和2P不同的涡脱落模式;(b)铰支的圆柱实验中, 在高响应分支时观察到的2C模式(Flemming & Williamson, 2003);(c)在XY双向振动时观察到的的数值模拟超高响应分支所对应的2T模式(Jauvtis & Williamson, 2003);(d)Williamson和Govardhan(2004)实验结果(在层流中,Re<200);(e)Meneghini & Bearman(1993)的结果(Re<200)
图 5不同涡模式对应不同的结构运动幅值 (Wiliamson & Govardhan, 2004)
图 6尾迹涡和结构运动的展向不均匀分布显示了涡激振动的展向相关性. (a) 三维CFD计算得到的柔性圆柱尾迹的涡量场(Wiliamson & Govardhan, 2004), (b) 三维结构的响应位移沿展向位置的时间演化(张立武, 2010)
图 7驻波、行波以及中间状态的位移响应. (a) 驻波位移时空云图;(b) 行波位移时空云图; (c) 中间位移状态时空云图; (d) 驻波均方根(root mean square, RMS)位移; (e) 行波RMS位移; (f) 中间状态RMS位移
图 9长度3 000 m变张力、变刚度立管的典型模态. (a)第1阶模态, (b) 第2阶模态, (c)第3阶模态, (d) 第5阶模态(e)第9阶模态, (f) 第13阶模态, (g)第23阶模态, (h) 第29阶模态
图 11不同耦合模型给出的锁频阶段位移、升力系数、相位(加速度耦合模型)响应结果(Facchinetti et al. 2004a). (a) 位移耦合模型, (b) 速度耦合模型, (c) 加速度耦合模型
图 13简缩速度的变化对涡激振动响应影响的实验结果 (Brika, 1995) . (a) 相位响应, (b) 涡脱落频率, (c) 振幅响应
图 15不同质量比结构锁频简缩速度范围 (Williamson & Roshko，1988) . (a) 以Ur= U=fND衡量锁频范围, (b) 以Ur/f* = U/frD衡量锁频范围
图 16简缩速度对锁频阶段的附加质量系数和频率比的影响(Sarpkaya, 2004) . (a) 简缩速度对附加质量系数的影响, (b) 简缩速度对频率之比的影响
图 17质量比与锁频阶段的频率比的对应关系 (Govardhan & Williamson, 2004) . (a) 不同质量比对应的锁频阶段频率比, (b) 不同质量比对应的下枝频率比
图 20涡激振动的升力系数和响应振幅实验结果. (a)升力系数等高线(Govardhan & Williamson, 2004) ; (b) 锁频阶段圆柱振动响应 (Vikestad et al., 2000)
图 21基于有限元数值模拟的FR在不同流场的涡激振动响应. (a) 刚性圆柱在均匀流中, (b) 柔性缆索在均匀流中, (c) 柔性缆索在剪切流中, (d) 柔性缆索在阶梯流中
图 25均匀流和非均匀流中细长FR的多模态涡激振动响应. (a) 均匀流中的RMS 位移响应, (b) 均匀流中的位移时空演化, (c) 剪切流的RMS 位移 (最大流速0.54 m/s), (d) 剪切流的位移时空演化(最大流速0.54 m/s), (e) 剪切流的RMS 位移 (最大流速1.14 m/s), (f) 剪切流的位移时空演化 (最大流速1.14 m/s)
表 1涡脱落形式与雷诺数的关系
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