Abstract:In this paper, both mathematical models and experimental measurements for residual stresses in injection-molded parts are reviewed. It is well-known that residual stresses have two sources, which are the main causes for deformation and warpage of plajstics. For flow residual stresses, viscoelastic constitutive models are used to analyze the development of stresses in the filling stage and the relaxation of stresses in the subsequent cooling stage. For thermal residual stresses, the application of thermovisc...