Abstract: Bymeans of the microstructures and morphologies of bone,bamboo and biologic branch systems in nature, the adaptiveness of thebiologic morphologies and structures is studied from the viewpoint ofmechanics. Some engineering applications are briefly introduced, such as self-healing materials onthe basis of the re-construction mechanism of bone, design methodologies ofstiffener distribution for thin plate structures and cooling channel layoutin the heat transfer systems on the basis of the growth mechanism of thebiologic branch systems. The engineeringmaterials and structures as well as their design methodologies based onthe growth mechanisms of the living things in nature can break through somelimits of the conventional products and methods. It can be said that thestudy on the relationship between the morphologies and materials of livingthings, and their functional performance and strengths, as well as theideal engineering materials and structural design methodologies, is avery important research topic.