RESEARCH PROGRESS IN CREEP OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES
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摘要:聚合物在室温甚至低温条件下的蠕变被认为是制约其更广泛应用的主要瓶颈之一.实验研究发现添加很低含量(1{\%}重量或体积含量)的纳米颗粒,在基本上不影响基体其他力学和物理性能的前提下,能够大幅度提高聚合物的耐蠕变性能; 另外和静态性能相比较,蠕变和松弛等特性对于聚合物微观结构的变化和分子链的相互作用更加敏感,能够在新型纳米复合材料(如多层级纳米复合材料)的力学设计中为我们提供更加丰富的微观结构及其相互作用的信息.本文综述了多种形貌纳米颗粒(包括金属氧化物、碳纳米管、层状纳米黏土等)对聚合物耐蠕变性能影响的研究现状和进展.讨论了纳米颗粒的种类、形貌和含量,以及外部应力水平和温度等因素对聚合物基体材料蠕变性能的影响规律;分析了目前一些常用的模拟和预测蠕变行为的模型, 并利用这些模型,结合纳米复合材料特点, 对蠕变实验结果进行了模拟和预测;结合多层级纳米复合材料的实验研究结果,阐述了蠕变条件下纳米复合材料分子链间相互作用的特点;进而探讨了纳米颗粒影响聚合物蠕变性能的机理,展望了该领域研究的发展态势.
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关键词:
- 数值模拟
Abstract:Creep is one of themost critical behaviours for thermoplastics that poor creepresistance are considered a deficiency for further expansion ofapplications of these materials. Our preliminary studies exploredthat very low content of inorganic nanoparticles couldsignificantly reduce the creep strain of thermoplastics. Due tothe low filler content of nanoparticles, the improvements instiffness and strength are not as attractive as those anelasticproperties, e.g. creep and fatigue, which may be stronglyinfluenced by nano-fillers. Nanoparticles may restrict theslippage, reorientation and motion of polymer chains. In this way,the nanoparticles influence the stress transfer, which finallyresults in the improvement observed. Moreover, it was found thatcreep tests can provide more information to changes ofinteractions of nanoscale building-blocks in a hierarchicallystructured nanocomposite. This review presents the researchprogress on creep of polymer nanocomposites. It summarizes somefactors such as the type, morphology and content of nanoparticles,stress level and temperature for influencing the creep performanceof thermoplastic polymers. Second, some commonly used creepmodeling approaches were introduced to simulate and predict thecreep behavior of nanocomposites. Finally, some future developmenttrends are also discussed.-
Key words:
- modeling
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