A pioneer of structural strength in aeronautics and astronautics in China — Huang Yushan
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摘要: 黄玉珊先生是我国著名的力学家、航空航天科学家, 新中国航空高等教育的奠基人. 他不满14岁考入大学, 不满23岁时师从国际著名力学大师铁摩辛柯获博士学位, 随即义无反顾地回到战火连绵的祖国, 受聘中央大学教授. 新中国成立后, 面对航空工业初建时期技术基础薄弱、人才储备不足、教育体系不完善的困境, 他呕心沥血, 鞠躬尽瘁, 建立新学科, 开创新局面, 毕生致力于祖国航空航天教育和科技事业. 他被认为是我国旧飞机疲劳定寿和延寿、损伤容限评定和新飞机损伤容限设计最早的创始人之一, 也是我国飞机自激励振动研究和航天结构环境强度事业的开拓者. 本文通过回顾黄玉珊先生在固体力学、航空航天结构强度领域的主要学术成果和卓越贡献, 缅怀其坚定不移的报国情怀、严谨求实的治学态度、勇于开拓的创新精神、高瞻远瞩的学术视野以及求真务实的教育思想.Abstract: Professor Huang Yushan was a famous scientist as well as educator in solid mechanics, aeronautics and astronautics in new China. He was enrolled at National Central University in 1931 when he was under 14 years old. He studied for a Ph.D. degree at Stanford University from 1939 to 1940 under the supervision of S. P. Timoshenko, a master in mechanics. As soon as he received his Ph.D. degree, he returned to his motherland without hesitation and was employed as a full professor at National Central University when he was no more than 23 years old. After the founding of New China, even facing to such problems as weak technical foundation, lack of talents and imperfect education system in aeronautics and astronautics engineering, he took infinite pains and devoted his whole life to development of science and technology as well as education. He was regarded as not only the founder of determination, extension of fatigue life and damage tolerance evaluation for in-service aircrafts as well as damage tolerance design for new aircraft, but also the pioneer of self-induced vibration in aeronautics and structural environment strength in astronautics. The article comprehensively overviews the major contributions of Prof. Huang in the area of solid mechanics and structural strength in aeronautics and astronautics, to memorize his firm spirit of serving the nation, rigorous and realistic attitude towards scholarship, courage to be a pioneer, visionary academic perspective, realistic and pragmatic educational thought.
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Key words:
- solid mechanics /
- structural strength /
- aircraft design /
- aeronautics and astronautics
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冯元桢. 1941. 微弯薄曲杆及薄曲板对侧压力之稳定性.[硕士论文]. 南京: 国立中央大学Feng Y Z. 1941. Stability of pressure on the opposite side of slightly bent thin curved bar and thin curved plate.[Master Thesis]. Nanjing: National Central University 郭万林. 1991. 三维断裂和疲劳裂纹扩展.[博士论文]. 西安: 西北工业大学Guo W L. 1991. Three dimensional fracture and fatigue crack propagation.[PhD Thesis]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University 黄玉珊. 1941. 弯曲轴与弯曲线. 航空机械月刊, 5: 20-23 (Huang Y S. 1941. The difference between the bending center track and the bending axis. Monthly Journal of Aeronautical Mechanics, 5: 20-23). 黄玉珊. 1957. 飞机设计中的疲劳问题. 航院学报, 1: 62-66 (Huang Y S. 1957. Fatigue in aircraft design. Journal of Aeronautical College, 1: 62-66). 黄玉珊. 1958. 多空刚构的柱比分析法. 力学学报, 2: 298-307 (Huang Y S. 1958. Column Analogy for Multi-connected Rigid Frames. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2: 298-307). 黄玉珊, 诸德培. 1963. 边缘受径向集中载荷作用的短悬臂薄壁圆筒壳体. 西北工业大学学报, 1: 53-62 (Huang Y S. 1963. Short cantilever thin-walled cylindrical shell with radial concentrated load on its edge. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 1: 53-62). 黄玉珊. 1964a. 整体圆壳筒的Donnell型方程. 西北工业大学学报, 1: 1-6 (Huang Y S. 1964a. Donnell type equation of integral circular shell. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 1: 1-6). 黄玉珊. 1964b. 薄圆管在轴压失稳后的极限载荷. 西北工业大学学报, 1: 7-14 (Huang Y S. 1964b. Ultimate load of thin circular tube after axial compression instability. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 1: 7-14). 黄玉珊. 1978. 疲劳和断裂的关系. 航空学报, 2: 65-71 (Huang Y S. 1978. Relationship between fatigue and fracture. Acta Aeronauticaet Astronautica Sinica, 2: 65-71). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.1978.02.006 李玉龙. 1985. 双悬臂梁模型动态裂纹扩展特性的实验研究和分析.[硕士论文]. 西安: 西北工业大学.Li Y L. 1985. Experimental investigation and analysis of crack dynamic propagation in double cantilever beam specimens.[Master Thesis]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University. 李玉龙, 刘元镛. 1987. 双悬臂梁模型在阶跃载荷作用下的动态响应及动态断裂韧性KId(σ)的确定方法. 西北工业大学学报, 4: 469-479 (Li Y L, Liu Y Y. 1987. The determination of dynamic response and dynamic fracture toughness KId(σ) of DCB model under step loading. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 4: 469-479). 林富甲, 黄玉珊. 1982. 裂纹检测概率曲线的统计测定. 航空学报, 4: 21-27 (Lin F J, Huang Y S. 1982. Statistical determination of a flaw detection probability curve. Acta Aeronauticaet Astronautica Sinica, 4: 21-27). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.1982.04.003 林富甲, 黄玉珊. 1983. 成对使用的机翼主要构件可靠性分析. 航空学报, 4: 19-27 (Lin F J, Huang Y S. 1983. Reliability analysis for paired main wing components. Acta Aeronauticaet Astronautica Sinica, 4: 19-27). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.1983.03.003 刘雪惠, 黄玉珊. 1983. 半线性Willenborg迟滞模型. 西北工业大学学报, 1: 71-78 (Liu X H, Huang Y S. 1983. Semi-Linear Willenborg Retardation Model. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 1: 71-78). Broek D, Smith SH. 1979. The prediction of fatigue-crack growth under flight-by-flight loading. Eng. Fract. Mech., 11: 123-141. Elber W. 1971. The significance of fatigue crack closure. ASTM STP486, 230-242. Fung YC, Kaplan A. 1952. Buckling of low arches and curved beams of small curvature. NACA TN2840. Huang YS. 1939. Stiffeners of beams and cables. Aircraft Eng., 8: 314. Huang YS. 1940. Bending of rectangular plates having forces in the middle planes of the plates.[PhD Thesis]. Palo Alto: Stanford University. Huang YS. 1941. Buckling of plates with lateral stiffeners. J. Royal Aero. Society, 45 (370): 326-330. Lévy MM. 1899. Sur l’équilibre élastique d’une plaque rectangulaire. Comptes Rendus, 15: 535-540. Li YL, Liu YY, Huang YS. 1985. The calculation of stress intensity factor of DCB model using distorted isoparametric elements. Conference Proceedings of the Mechanism of Fracture, ASM: 135-138. Paris P, Erdogan F. 1963. A critical analysis of crack propagation laws. J. Basic Eng. Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 528-534. -
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