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郭新蕾, 王涛, 付辉, 潘佳佳, 路锦枝, 郭永鑫, 李甲振. 河渠冰水力学研究进展和趋势[J]. 力学学报, 2021, 53(3): 655-671. DOI:10.6052/0459-1879-20-407
引用本文: 郭新蕾, 王涛, 付辉, 潘佳佳, 路锦枝, 郭永鑫, 李甲振. 河渠冰水力学研究进展和趋势[J]. 力学学报, 2021, 53(3): 655-671.DOI:10.6052/0459-1879-20-407
Guo Xinlei, Wang Tao, Fu Hui, Pan Jiajia, Lu Jinzhi, Guo Yongxin, Li Jiazhen. PROGRESS AND TREND IN THE STUDY OF RIVER ICE HYDRAULICS[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(3): 655-671. DOI:10.6052/0459-1879-20-407
Citation: Guo Xinlei, Wang Tao, Fu Hui, Pan Jiajia, Lu Jinzhi, Guo Yongxin, Li Jiazhen. PROGRESS AND TREND IN THE STUDY OF RIVER ICE HYDRAULICS[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(3): 655-671.DOI:10.6052/0459-1879-20-407

河渠冰水力学研究进展和趋势

PROGRESS AND TREND IN THE STUDY OF RIVER ICE HYDRAULICS

  • 摘要:从河渠冰水力学基本理论7个方面(水热循环机理、流冰形成输移扩散机理、锚冰岸冰形成发展释放、封河冰塞机理、开河冰坝机理、水工建筑物冰塞机理、水冰沙互馈作用机理)、河渠冰情预测预报及过程模拟、河冰关键参数观测技术与装备等层面介绍了国内外的河冰水力学研究的主要进展和动向,剖析了当前科学研究和工程应用研究中存在的难题,并从理论和技术角度阐明了相关原因并指出方向. 总结提出了河渠冰水力学未来需要重点开展的研究,如在河渠冰水力学基本理论拓展方面,应进一步完善现有河冰理论框架,尤其是河流锚冰生长和释放过程、卡冰和初始冰盖形成的热力-动力-地形特征影响的定量化机制、复式断面冰盖下水力特性和河冰运动与岸滩侵蚀过程中的水冰沙耦合作用机理等;在变化环境下的冰情预报方面,应多尺度结合,进一步探索中长期气候变化或短期极端情况对北方河流冰情的影响,尤其是研发不同尺度区域、长短期结合的水文-水力预测预报模型技术,对于科学研判河流冰情未来情势具有指导意义;在冰凌灾害全过程监测与防控技术装备方面,应进一步研发能反映冰塞内部渗流、冰塞内摩擦力以及冰塞冰坝内部反映其演化过程的关键监测传感器和装备,弥补现有观测的不足;在冰湖溃决模拟等方面,应加大观测力度并多学科交叉,注重开展低温条件下冰湖溃口演化的机理试验探索,尤其是研究水流冲蚀溃口冰碛土下切和坍塌过程等.

    Abstract:This study reviews the latest research progress on the basic theory of river ice hydraulics, river ice modeling and ice flooding forecasting, key ice parameters recording equipment and technology in China and other countries. The river ice hydraulics is constructed of water heat budget analysis, ice runs interactions and transport, anchor ice and border ice formation and release, ice jamming in freezing period, ice dam in breakup period, and ice jamming before infrastructure, the flow-ice-sediment coupled mechanics. Through detailed analysis on recent research progresses and existing questions of ice hydraulics and engineering applications, this study proposes several promising research topics in the future. It is still challenging in understanding the ice dynamics in terms of the anchor ice growth and release, ice stoppage and initial ice cover formation driven by thermal-dynamic-geometrical properties, flow structures under ice-covered compound channels, and flow-ice-sediment coupling mechanics in riverbank retreats. In terms of ice information forecast under changeable situations, it is helpful to focus on influence of long-term climate change and short-term extreme events on northern river ice flooding. The development of hydrology and hydraulics coupled forecasting model is promising in combining different spatial and temporal scales for supporting ice flooding prevention. For ice flooding monitoring system and disaster prevention equipment, it is suggested to record seepage flow in ice jam, internal ice resistance and friction, physical structure evolution in ice jam to collect field observation database. In terms of glacial lake outburst floods, laboratory experiments are needed in exploring opening mechanics under freezing environment and promoting interdisciplinary research, especially in processes of outburst flow erosion, moraine soil undercut and side slope collapses.

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